Privacy display module comprising a light-adjusting component, method for driving the same, display apparatus, and vehicle comprising the same

ABSTRACT

A display module and a method for driving the same, a display apparatus, and a vehicle are provided. The display module includes a backlight component, and a display component and a light-adjusting component that are located at a side of the backlight component facing toward a light-emitting direction of the display module. The backlight component includes a first light guide structure and a light regulating structure. The light-adjusting component includes first and second electrodes, and a first liquid crystal. The display module has a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode. In the sharing mode, the first electrode and the second electrode are not energized, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide viewing angle state. In the anti-peeping mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle state.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent ApplicationNo. 202111157466.9, filed on Sep. 30, 2021, the content of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies,and, particularly, relates to a display module, a method for driving thedisplay module, a display apparatus, and a vehicle.

BACKGROUND

With the continuous development of display technologies, a viewing angleof a display panel has been expanded to more than 160°. However, it isliable to cause the leakage of personal privacy while enjoying thevisual experience brought by the large viewing angle. For example, whena user uses a display apparatus in public to access bank accounts, paybills, or enter personal information, there is a risk of identity theftand privacy violations.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a display module isprovided. The display module includes a backlight component, a displaycomponent located on a side of the backlight component facing toward alight-emitting direction of the display module, and a light-adjustingcomponent located on the side of the backlight component facing towardthe light-emitting direction of the display module. The backlightcomponent comprises a first light guide structure and a light regulatingstructure, the first light guide structure comprises a first lightsource and a first light guide plate, and the light regulating structureis located on a side of the first light guide plate facing toward thedisplay component and is configured to regulate a transmission directionof light emitted from the first light guide plate. The light-adjustingcomponent comprises a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located ona side of the first electrode facing away from the backlight component,and a second electrode located at a side of the first liquid crystalfacing away from the backlight component; and the light-adjustingcomponent and the light regulating structure are configured to regulatelight to a same direction. The display module has a sharing mode and ananti-peeping mode, wherein in the sharing mode, the first electrode andthe second electrode are not energized, and the first liquid crystal isin a wide viewing angle state; and in the anti-peeping mode, the firstelectrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystals to bein a narrow viewing angle state.

In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for driving thedisplay module provided in the first aspect is provided. The method fordriving the display module includes: in the sharing mode, de-energizingthe first electrode and the second electrode in such a manner that thefirst liquid crystal is in a wide viewing angle state; and in theanti-peeping mode, driving the first liquid crystal by the firstelectrode and the second electrode to be in a narrow viewing anglestate.

In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a display apparatus isprovided. The display apparatus includes: a liquid crystal displaycomponent, and a light-adjusting component located at a side of theliquid crystal display component facing toward a light-emittingdirection of the display module. The light-adjusting component comprisesa first electrode, a first liquid crystal located at a side of the firstelectrode facing away from the liquid crystal display component, and asecond electrode located at a side of the first liquid crystal facingaway from the display component. The display module has a sharing modeand an anti-peeping mode. In the sharing mode, the first electrode andthe second electrode are not energized, and the first liquid crystal isin a wide viewing angle state. In the anti-peeping mode, the firstelectrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to bein a narrow viewing angle state. V=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)),where V denotes a voltage difference between the first electrode and thesecond electrode, Δε denotes a difference between a dielectric constantε// and a dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 denotes a cell gap of the firstliquid crystal in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the displaymodule.

In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for driving thedisplay module provided in the third aspect is provided. The methodincludes: in the sharing mode, de-energizing the first electrode and thesecond electrode in such a manner that the first liquid crystal is in awide viewing angle state; and in the anti-peeping mode, driving thefirst liquid crystal by the first electrode and the second electrode tobe in a narrow viewing angle state, whereinV=5.095−1.479×(ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)), where V denotes a voltage differencebetween the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε denotes adifference between a dielectric constant ε// and a dielectric constantε⊥, and d1 denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.

In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a display apparatus isprovided. The display apparatus includes: the display module provided inthe first aspect or the display module provided in the third aspect.

In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle is provided. Thevehicle includes the display apparatus provided in the fifth aspect.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate technical solutions of embodimentsof the present disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in theembodiments are briefly described below. The drawings described beloware merely a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Based onthese drawings, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawingswithout any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display module in a sharing modeaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a display module in an anti-peepingmode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a light regulating structure according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the light regulating structure shownin FIG. 3 along line L1-L2 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a light regulating structure according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the light regulating structure shownin FIG. 5 along line K1-K2 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 7 is a luminance diagram at different viewing angles in a sharingmode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a luminance diagram at different viewing angles in ananti-peeping mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is an exploded schematic diagram of a viewing angle directionaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a light transmission diagram according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a display component according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a display component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a display component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a display component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing an absorption axis of a polarizeraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an absorption axis of a polarizeraccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a light transmission diagram in a sharing mode according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a light transmission diagram in an anti-peeping modeaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 23 is a light transmission diagram in a sharing mode according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 24 is a light transmission diagram in an anti-peeping modeaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 25 is a top view of a display module according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 27 is a top view of the first electrode and the second electrodecorresponding to FIG. 26 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 29 is a top view of the first electrode and the second electrodecorresponding to FIG. 28 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing rotation of a first liquidcrystal when the first electrode and the second electrode correspondingto FIG. 28 are energized according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 32 is a top view of the first electrode and the second electrodecorresponding to FIG. 31 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 34 is a top view of the first electrode and the second electrodecorresponding to FIG. 33 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing rotation of a first liquidcrystal when the first electrode and the second electrode correspondingto FIG. 33 are energized according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a light regulating structure accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of a polymer liquid crystal filmaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of a polymer liquid crystal filmaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of a polymer liquid crystal filmaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of sizes ofmicrostructures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of a second microstructure according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 47 is a top view of a second light guide plate according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 48 is a light transmission diagram according to another embodimentof the present disclosure;

FIG. 49 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 50 is a flowchart showing a method for driving a display moduleaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram of a display module in a sharing modeaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 52 is a schematic diagram of a display module in an anti-peepingmode according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 53 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 54 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 55 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 56 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 57 is flowchart showing a method for driving a display moduleaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 58 is a schematic diagram of a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 59 is a schematic diagram of a display apparatus according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 60 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodimentof the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to better understand technical solutions of the presentdisclosure, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described indetail with reference to the drawings.

It should be clear that the described embodiments are merely part of theembodiments of the present disclosure rather than all of theembodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the artwithout paying creative labor shall fall into the protection scope ofthe present disclosure.

The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merelyfor the purpose of describing specific embodiment, rather than limitingthe present disclosure. The terms “a”, “an”, “the” and “said” in asingular form in an embodiment of the present disclosure and theattached claims are also intended to include plural forms thereof,unless noted otherwise.

It should be understood that the term “and/or” used in the context ofthe present disclosure is to describe a correlation relation of relatedobjects, indicating that there can be three relations, e.g., A and/or Bcan indicate A alone, both A and B, and B alone. In addition, the symbol“/” in the context generally indicates that the relation between theobjects in front and at the back of “/” is an “or” relationship.

It should be understood that although the terms ‘first’, ‘second’ and‘third’ can be used in the present disclosure to describe polarizers,these polarizers should not be limited to these terms. These terms areused only to distinguish the polarizers from each other. For example,without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the presentdisclosure, a first polarizer can also be referred to as a secondpolarizer. Similarly, the second polarizer can also be referred to asthe first polarizer.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display module. FIG.1 is a schematic diagram of a display module in a sharing mode accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 2 is a schematicdiagram of a display module in an anti-peeping mode according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 ,the display module includes a backlight component 1, a display component2, and a light-adjusting component 3. The display component 2 and thelight-adjusting component 3 are located at a side of the backlightcomponent 1 facing toward a light-emitting direction of the displaymodule.

The backlight component 1 includes a first light guide structure 4 and alight regulating structure 5. The first light guide structure 4 includesa first light source 6 and a first light guide plate 7. The first lightsource 6 can be a bottom-emitting light source or can be a side-emittinglight source as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 . The light regulatingstructure 5 is located at a side of the first light guide plate 7 facingtoward the display component 2, and is configured to regulate thetransmission direction of the light emitted from the first light guideplate 7.

FIG. 3 is a top view of a light regulating structure according to anembodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional viewof the light regulating structure shown in FIG. 3 along an L1-L2direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 5is a top view of a light regulating structure according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectionalview of the light regulating structure shown in FIG. 5 along line K1-K2according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodimentof the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 , the lightregulating structure 5 includes a grating 35. The grating 35 includestransparent portions and non-transparent portions, and the transparentportions and non-transparent portions are alternatively arranged. Anangle formed between the non-transparent portion 71 and a normal line(the normal line is perpendicular to a plane of the display module) iscontrolled to regulate the transmission direction of the light emittedfrom the first light guide plate 7 by using the light regulatingstructure 5.

Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 again, the non-transparentportion 71 is perpendicular to the plane of the display module, that is,the non-transparent portion 71 is parallel to the normal direction, and,the light regulating structure 5 can control the light emitted from thefirst light guide plate 7 to emit along a direction parallel to thenormal direction. In another embodiment, referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6again, the non-transparent portion 71 is inclined with respect to thenormal direction, and the light regulating structure 5 can control thelight emitted from the first light guide plate 7 to emit along theinclination direction of the non-transparent portion 71.

The light-adjusting component 3 includes a first electrode 8, a firstliquid crystal 9, and a second electrode 10. The first liquid crystal 9is located at a side of the first electrode 8 facing away from thebacklight component 1. The second electrode 10 is located at a side ofthe first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the backlight component 1.The light-adjusting component 3 and the light regulating structure 5have uniformity in the regulating direction of light.

It can be understood that a side of the first liquid crystal 9 facingaway from the backlight component 1 and a side of the first liquidcrystal 9 facing toward the backlight component are provided with twoalignment films, respectively. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the two alignment films have a same alignment direction.When the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are notenergized, the first liquid crystal 9 maintains the initial state underthe alignment film. When the first electrode 8 and the second electrode10 are energized, the first liquid crystal 9 rotates a certain angleunder the electric field.

The display module has a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode. In thesharing mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are notenergized, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing anglestate. In the anti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 drives the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrow viewingangle state.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the display moduleperforms image display, the first light source 6 is turned on, the lightemitted by the first light source 6 is transmitted in the first lightguide plate 7 and emitted from the top of the first light guide plate 7,the emitted light is incident to the display component 2 and thelight-adjusting component 3 after it is regulated by the lightregulating structure 5.

Referring to FIG. 1 again, when the display module is in the sharingmode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 of thelight-adjusting component 3 are not energized, so that no electric fieldis formed between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, andthe first liquid crystal 9 is in the wide viewing angle state in whichthe first liquid crystal 9 does not have an optical influence on thelight transmitted in various viewing angle directions and the lightemitting along a front viewing angle direction and the light emittingalong an oblique viewing angle direction can emit from the displaymodule. Combined with the luminance diagram at different viewing anglesin the sharing mode shown in FIG. 7 , the luminance distribution of thedisplay module shown in FIG. 7 can be understood as the luminancedistribution that can be viewed at various viewing angles when theuser's body is directly facing toward the display module. The luminancedata at various viewing angles in FIG. 7 can be referred to Table 1.With reference to FIG. 9 , the angle θ in Table 1 refers to an angleformed between a certain viewing angle direction Y and y axis (they-axis is perpendicular to the plane of the display module), and theangle σ in Table 1 refers to an angle formed between an orthographicprojection of a certain viewing angle direction Y on the plane of thedisplay module and x axis (the x-axis is parallel to the plane of thedisplay module). The unit of various luminance data in Table 1 is nits.It can be seen from FIG. 7 and Table 1, in the sharing mode, the frontviewing angle direction (directly facing toward the display module) andthe oblique viewing angle direction (the direction obliquely viewing thedisplay module on the left and right sides) each have higher luminance.Exemplarily, the luminance in the central viewing angle direction (θ=0°,σ=0°) is 260.105 nits, and the luminance in the oblique viewing angledirection (θ=45°, σ=0°) is 224.312 nits, the difference between theluminance of the light in two viewing angle direction is small.Therefore, the user can view the image normally at both the frontviewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, so that the display modulehas a wide viewing angle range.

Table 1

TABLE 1 θ = 0° θ = 5° θ = 15° θ = 25° θ = 35° θ = 45° θ = 55° σ = 0°260.105 259.77 257.009 251.037 240.801 224.312 198.037 σ = 5° 260.105259.774 257.044 251.119 240.91 224.372 197.993 σ = 15° 260.105 259.805257.315 251.781 241.867 225.159 198.166 σ = 25° 260.105 259.864 257.832253.118 244.142 228.095 201.235 σ = 35° 260.105 259.944 258.545 255.086248.041 234.73 211.285 σ = 45° 260.105 260.035 259.375 257.503 253.309244.942 229.165 σ = 55° 260.105 260.082 259.803 258.785 256.188 250.68239.486

Referring to FIG. 2 again, when the display module is in theanti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 ofthe light-adjusting component 3 are energized, an electric field isformed between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10. Theliquid crystal 9 rotates under an electric field and is in the narrowviewing angle state, and in this filtering state, the first liquidcrystal 9 has an optical effect on the light in the oblique viewingangle direction to change the polarization state of the light in theoblique viewing angle direction, so that most of the light in theoblique viewing angle direction cannot be emitted from the displaymodule, thereby reducing the luminance under the oblique viewing angle,and achieving an invisible anti-peeping effect under the oblique viewingangle. Combined with the luminance diagram under different viewingangles in the sharing mode shown in FIG. 8 , the luminance data atdifferent viewing angles shown in FIG. 8 can refer to Table 2. Combinedwith FIG. 9 , the angle θ in Table 2 refers to an angle formed between acertain viewing angle direction Y and y axis (the y-axis isperpendicular to the plane of the display module), and the angle σ inTable 2 refers to an angle formed between an orthographic projection ofa certain viewing angle direction Y on the plane of the display moduleand x axis (the x-axis is parallel to the plane of the display module).The unit of various luminance data in Table 2 is nits. It can be seenfrom FIG. 8 and Table 2, in the anti-peeping mode, the front viewingangle direction (directly facing toward the display module) has highluminance, and the oblique viewing angle direction (the directionobliquely viewing the display module on the left and right sides) haslow luminance. Exemplarily, the luminance in the central viewing angledirection (θ=0°, σ=0° is 260.092 nits, and the luminance in the obliqueviewing angle 45° direction (θ=45°, σ=0° is 20.5893 nits, the differencein the luminance of the light in two viewing angle direction is large.Therefore, the user can view the image normally at the front viewingangle, but cannot view the image at the oblique viewing angle, so thatthe display module has a narrow viewing angle range.

Table 2

TABLE 2 θ = 0° θ = 5° θ = 15° θ = 25° θ = 35° θ = 45° θ = 55° σ = 0°260.092 255.116 216.87 149.585 74.2605 20.5893 8.84623 σ = 5° 260.092255.156 217.242 150.641 76.2158 23.2061 11.4201 σ = 15° 260.092 255.466220.125 158.802 91.2682 43.4241 31.6391 σ = 25° 260.092 256.048 225.467173.663 118.315 79.8333 69.0947 σ = 35° 260.092 256.83 232.512 192.717152.175 125.196 116.967 σ = 45° 260.092 257.717 240.315 213.072 187.145171.28 166.194 σ = 55° 260.092 258.6 247.899 232.081 224.627 211.596209.273

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the light-adjustingcomponent 3 and the light regulating structure 5 have uniformity in theregulating direction of light. Combined with the light transmissiondiagram shown in FIG. 10 , the light regulating structure 5 can regulatethe transmission direction of the light emitted from the first lightguide plate 7, for example, the regulated light can be converted intolight transmitted along a direction parallel to the normal direction(i.e., collimating light) or light transmitted obliquely along thenormal direction, thereby narrowing the transmission direction of light.In the anti-peeping mode, the first liquid crystal 9 of the lightregulating structure 5 is in the narrow viewing angle state. After thelight regulating structure 5 regulates the light, the transmissiondirection of the light is also narrowed. The light-adjusting component 3and the light regulating structure 5 have uniformity in the regulatingdirection of light, so that a better anti-peeping effect can beachieved.

That the uniformity of the regulating directions mentioned in theembodiments of the present disclosure can be expressed in the followingvarious ways. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring toFIG. 10 , if the non-transparent portion 71 of the light regulatingstructure 5 converges light emitting along the X direction and lightemitting along −X direction, the light-adjusting component 3 alsoconverges the light emitting along the X direction and the lightemitting along the −X direction. However, the embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited to such a structure. In other embodiments ofthe present disclosure, if the non-transparent portion 71 of the lightregulating structure 5 converges the light emitting along the Ydirection and light emitting along −Y direction, the light-adjustingcomponent 3 also converges the light emitting along the Y direction andthe light emitting along −Y direction. In an embodiment, if thenon-transparent portion 71 in the light regulating structure 5 convergesthe light emitting along the X direction and light emitting along −Xdirection while converging the light emitting along the Y direction and−Y direction, the light-adjusting component 3 also converges the lightemitting along the X direction and the light emitting −X direction whileconverging the light emitting along the Y direction and −Y direction.

Compared with the related art, the display module provided by theembodiments of the present disclosure can increase the ratio of theluminance at the front viewing angle to the luminance at the obliqueviewing angle in the anti-peeping mode, so that a better anti-peepingeffect can be achieved. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, thelight emitted by the light source first passes through the lightregulating structure 5 and then passes through the light-adjustingcomponent 3, the light is converged in preset directions (e.g., the Xdirection and the −X direction) when passing through the lightregulating structure 5, so that the luminance at the oblique viewingangle is reduced by M times relative to the light source. When the lightpasses through the light-adjusting component 3, the luminance at theoblique viewing angle is reduced by N times relative to the lightemitted from the light regulating structure 5. If the light-adjustingcomponent 3 can also converges light in the X and −X directions, theluminance reaching the human eye under the oblique viewing angle isreduced by M*N times relative to the light source. Since the lightregulating structure 5 and the light-adjusting component 3 do not have ablocking effect on the light perpendicular to the display module, theluminance reaching the human eye at the front viewing angle can beconsidered to be equivalent to the luminance of the light source, atthis time, a ratio of the luminance at the front viewing angle to theluminance at the oblique viewing angle is M*N. If the light regulatingstructure 5 converges the light emitting along X direction and the lightemitting along −X direction, and the light-adjusting component 3converges the light emitting along Y direction and the light emittingalong −Y direction, a ratio of the luminance at the front viewing angleto the luminance at the oblique viewing angle is M or N. The abovediscussion is only to illustrate the effects of the embodiments of thepresent disclosure without considering the absorption or blocking effectof other structures on light. In this regard, a test verification isconducted in the anti-peeping mode. Combined with FIG. 9 and Table 3,the angle θ in Table 3 refers to an angle formed between a certainviewing angle direction Y and y axis (the y axis is perpendicular to theplane of the display module). The angle σ in Table 3 refers to an angleformed between an orthographic projection of a certain viewing angledirection Y on the plane of the display module and the x-axis (thex-axis is parallel to the plane of the display module). The luminancepercentage 1 in Table 3 indicates the luminance percentage underdifferent viewing angles when the display module only uses the backlightcomponent 1 for dimming. The luminance percentage 2 indicates theluminance percentage under different viewing angles when the displaymodule uses only the backlight component 1 and the light-adjustingcomponent 3 for simultaneous dimming. The luminance percentage 3indicates the luminance percentage under different viewing angles whenthe display module only uses the light-adjusting component 3 fordimming. The above luminance percentages are a ratio of the luminanceunder different viewing angles to the luminance at the front viewingangle corresponding to σ=0° and θ=0°. According to the test data ofTable 3, taking three sets of data at θ=50°, θ=45°, and θ=40° when σ=0°as an example, the luminance percentage 2 has the lowest value, that is,the luminance percentage at an oblique viewing angle when the backlightcomponent 1 and the light-adjusting component 3 is used for simultaneousdimming is the lowest. Therefore, based on the coordinated dimming ofthe backlight component 1 and the light-adjusting component 3, theluminance of the light at the oblique viewing angle is lower, and theanti-peeping effect is better.

Table 3

TABLE 3 luminance luminance luminance θ (°) percentage 1 percentage 2percentage 3 σ = 0° 0 100.00% 100.00% 100.0% 5 81.36% 79.86% 98.2% 1051.03% 47.33% 92.7% 15 24.25% 20.38% 84.0% 20 9.49% 6.89% 72.6% 25 2.95%1.75% 59.2% 30 1.57% 0.71% 44.9% 35 1.08% 0.34% 31.1% 40 0.76% 0.15%19.3% 45 0.60% 0.07% 11.0% 50 0.50% 0.03% 7.0% 55 0.42% 0.03% 7.8% 600.34% 0.04% 12.9% 65 0.29% 0.06% 20.9% 70 0.26% 0.08% 30.2% 75 0.26%0.10% 39.1% 80 0.34% 0.16% 46.2% 85 1.08% 0.55% 50.9%

In view the above, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, byproviding the light regulating structure 5 in the backlight component 1and providing the light-adjusting component 3 at a side of the displaycomponent 2, the light regulating structure 5 can be firstly used toregulate the transmission direction of light emitted from the firstlight guide plate 7 so that the light is transmitted along a certaindirection. The light is incident to the light-adjusting component 3through the display component 2, and then a secondary regulation isperformed on the light based on the liquid crystal birefringenceprinciple of the light-adjusting component 3 to obtain more effectivelydirectional control for light angle, thereby achieving viewing angleswitching between the sharing mode and the anti-peeping mode. When auser is in a private place or in a public place without accessing bankaccounts, paying bills and entering personal information, there is noneed to perform anti-peeping. At this time, the display module can becontrolled to be in the sharing mode, so that the user can enjoy theviewing experience with a large viewing angle. However, when the user isin a public place and needs to access bank accounts, pay bills and enterpersonal information, the display module can be controlled to be in theanti-peeping mode to achieve an invisible anti-peeping effect uponviewing obliquely, thereby effectively protecting user's privacy fromleaking.

Therefore, in the display module according to the embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the light regulating structure 5 and thelight-adjusting component 3 cooperate with each other, so that viewingangle switching in different modes is achieved, thereby optimizing theuser experience.

It is understood that, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 again, thelight-adjusting component 3 can include a first substrate 11 and asecond substrate 12 that are opposite to each other, the first electrode8 is located on a side of the first substrate 11 facing toward thesecond substrate 12, and the second electrode 10 is located on a side ofthe second substrate 12 facing toward the first substrate 11.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a display component 2 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram ofa display component 2 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure, and FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a display component 2according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In someembodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 ,the display component 2 includes a third electrode 13, a second liquidcrystal 14, and a fourth electrode 15. In an embodiment, the thirdelectrode 13 is a common electrode, and the fourth electrode 15 is apixel electrode. In another embodiment, the third electrode 13 is apixel electrode, and the fourth electrode 15 is a common electrode.Referring to FIG. 11 again, the second liquid crystal 14 is locatedbetween the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15. In anembodiment, referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 again, the second liquidcrystal 14 is located on a side of the third electrode 13 facing awayfrom the backlight component 1 and a side of the fourth electrode 15facing away from the backlight component 1. Exemplarily, as shown inFIG. 12 , the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15 can bedisposed in a same layer, or as shown in FIG. 13 , the third electrode13 and the fourth electrode 15 can be disposed in different layers.

With such configuration, the display component 2 is a liquid crystaldisplay component. When the display module performs image display, thethird electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15 are energized to form anelectric field, so that the second liquid crystal 14 rotates when drivenby the electric field. The magnitude of the electric field can becontrolled to control the rotation angle of the second liquid crystal14, thereby achieving the luminance of the light emitted from thedisplay component 2.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a display component according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, as shown in FIG. 14 , the display component 2includes a quantum dot layer 18. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the quantum dot layer 18 includes a base material 19 andquantum dots 20 located in the base material 19. The base material 19can be made of a basic resin material such as an acrylic-based resin, aurethane-based resin, a silicone-based resin, or an epoxy resin.

With such configuration, the display component 2 is a quantum dotdisplay component, and the quantum dots 20 in the quantum dot layer 18will emit different colors of monochromatic light under the excitationof the light emitted from the backlight component 1, thereby achievingcolor display. Since quantum dot display has higher color gamut andlower energy consumption, the display module has better displayperformance.

It is understood that, referring to FIG. 11 to FIG. 14 again, thedisplay component 2 can include a third substrate 16 and a fourthsubstrate 17 which are opposite to each other.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 1 again,the light-adjusting component 3 is located on a side of the displaycomponent 2 facing away from the backlight component 1. At this time,the light-adjusting component 3 is located an outer side of the displaymodule. The light emitted from the light-adjusting component 3 isdirectly incident to the human eye without passing through otherstructures such as the display component 2 and the like, so that it canpreventing other structures from diverging the light, thereby improvingthe anti-peeping effect. In such a structure, the display component canbe a liquid crystal display component as described above, or a quantumdot display component as described above.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, as shown in FIG. 15 , the display component 2 is located ona side of the light-adjusting component 3 facing away from the backlightcomponent 1. Based on this relative positional relationship, when thedisplay component 2 includes a touch function layer, the touch functionlayer is closer to the position touched by the user's finger, therebyimproving the touch performance. The touch function layer can be anin-cell type and be located inside the display component 2, or can be anout-cell type and be located on a side of the display component 2 facingaway from the light-adjusting component 3. In such a structure, thedisplay component can be a liquid crystal display component as describedabove, or a quantum dot display component as described above.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 17 is a schematic diagramshowing an absorption axis of a polarizer according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure, and FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing anabsorption axis of a polarizer according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shownin FIG. 16 to FIG. 18 , the display module can include a first polarizer21, a second polarizer 22, and a third polarizer 23. The first polarizer21 is located on a side of the display component 2 facing away from thelight-adjusting component 3, and has a first absorption axis P1. Thesecond polarizer 22 is located between the display component 2 and thelight-adjusting component 3, and has a second absorption axis P2perpendicular to the first absorption axis P1. The third polarizer 23 islocated on a side of the light-adjusting component 3 facing away fromthe display component 2, and has a third absorption axis P3 parallel tothe second absorption axis P2.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the light-adjustingcomponent 3 is located on a side of the display component 2 facing awayfrom the backlight component 1. That is, the first polarizer 21 islocated between the display component 2 and the backlight component 1,the second polarizer 22 is located between the display component 2 andthe light-adjusting component 3, and the third polarizer 23 is locatedon a side of the light-adjusting component 3 facing away from thedisplay component 2. Referring to FIG. 17 again, the absorption axis P1extends horizontally, and the absorption axis P2 and the thirdabsorption axis P3 extend vertically, so that the second absorption axisP2 is perpendicular to the first absorption axis P1, and the thirdabsorption axis P3 is parallel to the second absorption axis P2. Inanother embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 18again, the first absorption axis P1 extends vertically, and the secondabsorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3 extend horizontally,so that the second absorption axis P2 is perpendicular to the firstabsorption axis P1, and the third absorption axis P3 is parallel to thesecond absorption axis P2.

Two polarizers with absorption axes perpendicular to each other aredisposed at both sides of the display component 2, so that the luminanceof the light emitted by the display component 2 can be controlled basedon the cooperation of the two polarizers, thereby controlling thedisplay component 2 to display images. The absorption axes of thepolarizers at both sides of the light-adjusting component 3 are parallelto each other, so that the cooperation of the two polarizers can achievethe sharing and anti-peeping effects. The working principle will bedescribed in detail in combination with following embodiments.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, as shown in FIG. 19 , the first liquid crystal 9 is apositive liquid crystal, e.g., a single optical axis positive liquidcrystal, a pretilt angle A1 of the first liquid crystal 9 satisfies:0°≤A1≤10°, that is, in the initial state of the first liquid crystal, anangle formed between the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 anda plane of the display module is in a range from 0° to 10°. Thelight-adjusting component 3 can include a first alignment film 27 and asecond alignment film 28. The first alignment film 27 is located at aside of the first liquid crystal 9 facing toward the display component2, and the second alignment film 28 is located on a side of the firstliquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 2. The firstalignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 have a same alignmentdirection that is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorptionaxis P2 and that is parallel to the extending direction of the edge ofthe display module.

The alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the secondalignment film 28 are perpendicular to a light converging direction ofthe light-adjusting component 3. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 25 , the top view of thedisplay module shown in FIG. 25 is understood to be a layout view of thedisplay module when the user's body was facing toward the displaymodule. When the display module is performing anti-peeping at the leftviewing angle and or at the right viewing angle, the light-adjustingcomponent 3 converges the light emitting along the X and −X directions,and the alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and thesecond alignment film 28 are 90° or 270°. When the display module isperforming anti-peeping at the upper viewing angle and the lower viewingangle, the light-adjusting component 3 converges the light in the Y and−Y directions, and the alignment directions of the first alignment film27 and the second alignment film 28 are 0° or 180°.

Next, taking the light-adjusting component 3 being located on a side ofthe display component 2 facing away from the backlight component 1(i.e., the first polarizer 21 is located between the display component 2and the backlight component 1, the second polarizer 22 is locatedbetween the display component 2 and the light-adjusting component 3, andthe third polarizer 23 is located on a side of the light-adjustingcomponent 3 facing away from the display component 2) as an example, theprinciple of dimming will be described below.

It should be understood that the light emitted from the second polarizer22 is linear polarization light. When the linear polarization light istransmitted along a direction parallel or perpendicular to the opticalaxis of the first liquid crystal 9, the first liquid crystal 9 cannotaffect the optical performance of the polarizing light. Two mutuallyorthogonal light waves decomposed by the linear polarization light havea same travelling speed when passing through the first liquid crystal 9,and there is no phase delay, so that the polarization direction of thelinear polarization light after recombination will not be changed. Whenan angle formed between the linear polarization light and the opticalaxis of the first liquid crystal 9 is not 0° or 90°, there is a phasedelay when the light wave passes through liquid crystal molecules, sothat the polarization state of the linear polarization light afterrecombination will be changed.

The light emitted from the second polarizer 22 and transmitted along thefront viewing angle direction is a first linear polarization light W1,and the light emitted from the second polarizer 22 and transmitted alongthe oblique viewing angle direction is a second linear polarizationlight W2. The polarization direction of the first linear polarizationlight W1 and the polarization direction of the second linearpolarization light W2 each are parallel to the second absorption axisP2.

FIG. 20 is a light transmission diagram in a sharing mode according toan embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20 , when thedisplay module is in the sharing mode, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 are not energized, the first liquid crystal 9 is ina wide viewing angle state (initial state), in which an angle formedbetween the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and a plane ofthe display module is a pretilt angle A1, and the first liquid crystal 9is close to a lying state in which the first liquid crystal 9 issubstantially parallel to the plane of the display module.

In such a mode, the first liquid crystal 9 tends to be in a completelylying sate, so that the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 canbe regarded as to be parallel to a plane of the display module andparallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis. Therefore, thefirst linear polarization light W1 transmitted along the front viewingangle direction and the second linear polarization light W2 transmittedalong the oblique viewing direction each are transmitted along thedirection parallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the firstliquid crystal 9. The polarization directions of the first linearpolarization light W1 and the second linear polarization light W2 arenot changed after the first linear polarization light W1 and the secondlinear polarization light W2 pass through the first liquid crystal 9,and are still parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the thirdabsorption axis P3, so that the first linear polarization light W1 andthe second linear polarization light W2 each can emit through the thirdpolarizer 23. Therefore, high luminance can be obtained under the frontviewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, and no luminance loss isgenerated.

FIG. 21 is a light transmission diagram in an anti-peeping modeaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.21 , when the display module is in the anti-peeping mode, the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized to generate avertical electric field, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrowviewing angle state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is a positiveliquid crystal, the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 rotatesalong a direction parallel to the direction of the electric field, i.e.,rotates relative to a plane of the display module. An angle B formedbetween the optical axis P of the rotated first liquid crystal 9 and theplane of the display module is greater than A1, and is not equal to 90°.

In such a mode, since the first liquid crystal 9 is rotated relative tothe plane of the display module, an orthographic projection of theoptical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 is still parallel to theplane of the display module, and parallel or perpendicular to the secondabsorption axis P2 under the front viewing angle. In this way, the firstlinear polarization light W1 is still transmitted along a directionparallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquidcrystal 9 under the front viewing angle, and the polarization directionof the first linear polarization light W1 is not changed after the firstlinear polarization light W1 passes through the first liquid crystal.The first linear polarization light W1 can be emitted through the thirdpolarizer 23, and no luminance loss is generated under the front viewingangle. Under the oblique viewing angle, since an angle B is formedbetween the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the planeof the display module, different degree of phase retardation can begenerated when the second linear polarization light W2 passes throughthe first liquid crystal 9 under the oblique viewing angle. Thepolarization state of the second linear polarization light W2 is changedafter the second linear polarization light W2 passes through the firstliquid crystal 9, so that the polarization direction of the secondlinear polarization light W2 is no longer parallel to the secondabsorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3, which causes thesecond linear polarization light W2 not to be emitted through the thirdpolarizer 23, thereby reducing the luminance of the light emitted fromthe oblique viewing angle.

It can be seen that based on the above structure of the light-adjustingcomponent 3, when the display module is in the sharing mode, thelight-adjusting component 3 can be controlled not to generate luminanceattenuation under the front viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle,so that a larger luminance can be obtained under the front viewing angleand the oblique viewing angle, thereby improving the user's viewingexperience under a large viewing angle. When the display module is inthe anti-peeping mode, the light-adjusting component 3 can be controlledto attenuate only the luminance under the oblique viewing angle toachieve the anti-peeping effect without attenuating the luminance underthe front viewing angle, so that no luminance loss is generated underthe front viewing angle.

In the related art, in order to achieve an anti-peeping effect, a louvergrating is usually used to cut off the light in the oblique viewingangle direction, but the louver grating can affect the lighttransmittance in the front viewing angle direction, so that the maximumlight transmittance under the front viewing angle is only 75%. With theviewing angle dimming structure according to the embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the light transmittance under the front viewingangle cannot be affected in the anti-peeping mode. No matter the displaymodule is in the sharing mode or the anti-peeping mode, a higherluminance can be obtained under the front viewing angle. Therefore, theeffect is better than the related art, and the user experience isbetter.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, A1=0°, so that the firstliquid crystal 9 is in a completely lying state under the initial state,thereby avoiding luminance degradation in the sharing mode to a greaterextent. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, 0°<A1≤10°. Withsuch configuration, when the display module is switched from the sharingmode to the anti-peeping mode, the first liquid crystal 9 can be rotatedon the basis of A1, and can be rotated more quickly to the anglerequired for the anti-peeping mode.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In another embodiment of thepresent disclosure, as shown in FIG. 22 , the first liquid crystal 9 isa negative liquid crystal, e.g., a single light axial negative liquidcrystal. A pretilt angle A2 of the first liquid crystal 9 satisfies85°≤A2≤95°. That is, in the initial state of the first liquid crystal,an angle ranging from 85° to 95° is formed between the optical axis ofthe first liquid crystal 9 and a plane of the display module. Thelight-adjusting component 3 also includes a first alignment film 27 anda second alignment film 28. The first alignment film 27 is located on aside of the first liquid crystal 9 facing toward the display component2, and the second alignment film 28 is located on a side of the firstliquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 2. The firstalignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 have a same alignmentdirection that is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorptionaxis P2 and that is parallel to the extending direction of the edge ofthe display module.

FIG. 23 is a light transmission diagram in a sharing mode according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23 , whenthe display module is in the sharing mode, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 are not energized, and the first liquid crystal 9 isin a wide viewing angle state (initial state), in which a pretilt angleA2 is formed between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9and a plane of the display module, and the first liquid crystal 9 isclose to an upright state.

In such a mode, the first liquid crystal 9 tends to be a completelyupright state, and the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 canbe regarded as the plane of the vertical display module. Therefore, thefirst linear polarizing light W1 transmitted in the front viewing angledirection and the second linear polarization light W2 transmitted in theoblique viewing angle direction are transmitted along a directionparallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquidcrystal 9. The polarization directions of the first linear polarizationlight W1 and the second linear polarization light W2 are not changedafter the first linear polarization light W1 and the second linearpolarization light W2 pass through the first liquid crystal 9, and arestill parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorptionaxis P3. Therefore, the first linear polarization light W1 and thesecond linear polarization light W2 each are emitted through the thirdpolarizer 23, so that a higher viewing angle are obtained under thefront viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, and no luminance lossis generated.

FIG. 24 is a light transmission diagram in an anti-peeping modeaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 24 , when the display module is in the anti-peeping mode, the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized to generate avertical electric field, the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrowviewing angle state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is a negativeliquid crystal, the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 rotatesalong a direction perpendicular to the direction of the electric field,that is, rotates relative to a plane of the display mode. An angle B isformed between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 afterrotation and the plane of the display module is smaller than A2 and isnot equal to 0°.

In such a mode, since the first liquid crystal 9 is rotated relative tothe plane of the display module, an orthographic projection of theoptical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 is still parallel to theplane of the display module and parallel or perpendicular to the secondabsorption axis P2 under the front viewing angle. In this way, the firstlinear polarization light W1 is still transmitted along a directionparallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquidcrystal 9 under the front viewing angle. The polarization direction ofthe first linear polarization light W1 is not changed after the firstlinear polarization light W1 passes through the first liquid crystal 9,and is still parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the thirdabsorption axis P3, so that the first linear polarization light W1 canbe emitted through the third polarizer 23, and no luminance loss isgenerated under the front viewing angle. In the oblique viewing angle,an angle B is formed between the optical axis P of the first liquidcrystal 9 and the plane of the display module, so that different degreeof phase retardation can be generated when the second linearpolarization light W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9 underthe oblique viewing angle. The polarization state of the second linearpolarization light W2 is changed after the second linear polarizationlight W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9, so that thepolarization direction of the second linear polarization light W2 is nolonger parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the thirdabsorption axis P3, which causes the second linear polarization light W2not to be emitted through the third polarizer 23, thereby reducing theluminance of the light emitted from the oblique viewing angle.

It can be seen that based on the above structure of the light-adjustingcomponent 3, when the display module is in the sharing mode, thelight-adjusting component 3 can be controlled not to generate luminanceattenuation under the front viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle,so that a larger luminance can be obtained under the front viewing angleand the oblique viewing angle, thereby improving the user's viewingexperience under a large viewing angle. When the display module is inthe anti-peeping mode, the light-adjusting component 3 can be controlledto attenuate only the luminance under the oblique viewing angle toachieve the anti-peeping effect without attenuating the luminance underthe front viewing angle, so that no luminance loss is generated underthe front viewing angle, and a larger luminance is achieved.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, A2=90°, so that the firstliquid crystal 9 is in a completely upright state under the initialstate, thereby avoiding luminance degradation in the sharing mode to agreater extent. In another embodiment of the present disclosure,85°≤A2≤95° and A2≠90°. With such configuration, when the display moduleis switched from the sharing mode to the anti-peeping mode, the firstliquid crystal 9 can be rotated on the basis of A2, and can be rotatedmore quickly to the angle required for the anti-peeping mode.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 21 andFIG. 24 again, when the first liquid crystal 9 is in the narrow viewingangle state, an angle B formed between the optical axis P of the firstliquid crystal 9 and the plane of the display module satisfies40°≤B≤50°. At this time, the angle formed between the optical axis P ofthe first liquid crystal 9 and the plane of the display module is closeto 45°, the influence of the first liquid crystal 9 on the opticalcharacteristics of the second linear polarizing light W2 under theoblique viewing angle tends to be the greatest, and the polarizationstate of the second polarizing light W2 after passing through the firstliquid crystal 9 has been changed to a greater extent, so that moresecond polarizing light cannot be emitted through the third polarizer23, thereby increasing the luminance attenuation under the obliqueviewing angle and improving the anti-peeping effect.

In an embodiment, B=45°, so that the luminance of the light under theoblique viewing angle in the anti-peeping mode is minimized.

It should be understood that, based on an XY coordinate system, when thealignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the secondalignment film 28 are parallel to the edge of the display module, it canbe parallel to the edge of the display module extending along the Xaxis, and also be parallel to the edge of the display module extendingalong the Y axis.

Taking the display module applied in a mobile phone as an example, indaily life, users usually access bank accounts, pay bills, or enterpersonal information when operating the mobile phone in a verticalscreen, it is more necessary to prevent peeping from the left and rightviewing angles. For this purpose, in combination with the top view ofthe display module shown in FIG. 25 , the top view can be understood asa layout view of the display module when the user's body is facingtoward the display module. The pointing direction of the X axis of thefirst quadrant in the coordinate quadrant is 0° as a reference, thealignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the secondalignment film 28 can be set to be 90° or 270°, that is, the alignmentdirection is parallel to a long side direction of the display module. Atthis time, FIG. 19 to FIG. 24 each are a cross-sectional view along theA1-A2 direction of FIG. 25 , Therefore, anti-peeping from the left andright angles can be effectively achieved. Such configuration is moresuitable for the anti-peeping scenes that are required in daily life.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 11 again,in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the display module, a cellgap d1 of the first liquid crystal 9 is greater than a cell gap d2 ofthe second liquid crystal 14, i.e., d1>d2.

If the cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 is small, the phaseretardation efficiency of the light wave decomposed by the second linearpolarization light W2 under the oblique viewing angle when the secondlinear polarization light W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9in the anti-peeping mode is small, resulting in non-obvious luminanceattenuation under the oblique viewing angle. The cell gap of the firstliquid crystal 9 is set to be larger than the cell gap of the secondliquid crystal 14, the phase retardation efficiency of the second linearpolarization light W2 can be improved, so that greater luminanceattenuation under oblique viewing angles is obtained, thereby achievinga more significant anti-peeping effect.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in a direction perpendicularto a plane of the display module, a cell gap d1 of the first liquidcrystal 9 satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤8 μm.

By setting the minimum cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 to be 5μm, the first liquid crystal 9 can have a sufficient cell gap to achievegreater influence of the first liquid crystal 9 on the polarizationstate of the second linear polarization light W2 under an obliqueviewing angle, thereby increasing the luminance attenuation under theoblique viewing angle. By setting the maximum cell gap of the firstliquid crystal 9 to be 8 μm, the cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9can be prevented from being too large, so that the cell gap of the firstliquid crystal 9 is approximately the thickness of a half wave plate,thereby achieving better anti-peeping effect, and avoiding affecting theoverall thickness of the display module.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the anti-peeping mode,V=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)), where V denotes a voltage differencebetween the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, Δε denotes adifference between a dielectric constant σ// and a dielectric constantε⊥, a dielectric constant σ// denotes a horizontal dielectric constant,and a dielectric constant ε⊥denotes a vertical dielectric constant, andd1 denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.

In order to use the light-adjusting component 3 to achieve a betteranti-peeping effect, several sets of data tests under the conditions ofdifferent parameters V and different parameters d1 are conducted, andthe test data is shown in Table 4. Based on several sets of test data,the above fitting formula can be obtained between the parameter V andthe parameter d1. In this way, when the structure of the display moduleis designed, no matter what cell gap the first liquid crystal 9 has, avoltage difference matching with the cell gap can be obtained accordingto the formula, so that the first liquid crystal 9 driven by theelectric field formed by the voltage difference is rotated to the anglerequired by the anti-peeping mode, thereby achieving a betteranti-peeping effect.

Table 4

TABLE 4 ε//(F/m) ε⊥ (F/m) Δε (F/m) d1 (μm) V (V) 6.8 2.8 4 5.5 4.12 6.82.8 4 5.6 4.14 6.8 2.8 4 5.7 4.18 6.8 2.8 4 5.8 4.21 6.8 2.8 4 5.9 4.236.8 2.8 4 6 4.25 6.8 2.8 4 6.1 4.28 6.8 2.8 4 6.2 4.3 6.8 2.8 4 6.3 4.326.8 2.8 4 6.4 4.34 6.8 2.8 4 6.5 4.36 6.8 2.8 4 6.6 4.38 6.8 2.8 4 6.74.4 6.8 2.8 4 6.8 4.42 6.8 2.8 4 6.9 4.44 6.8 2.8 4 7 4.46 8.8 2.8 6 5.53.48 8.8 2.8 6 5.6 3.51 8.8 2.8 6 5.7 3.53 8.8 2.8 6 5.8 3.55 8.8 2.8 65.9 3.57 8.8 2.8 6 6 3.59 8.8 2.8 6 6.1 3.61 8.8 2.8 6 6.2 3.63 8.8 2.86 6.3 3.65 8.8 2.8 6 6.4 3.66 8.8 2.8 6 6.5 3.68 8.8 2.8 6 6.6 3.7 8.82.8 6 6.7 3.72 8.8 2.8 6 6.8 3.73 8.8 2.8 6 6.9 3.75 8.8 2.8 6 7 3.7710.8 2.8 8 5 3.02 10.8 2.8 8 5.1 3.04 10.8 2.8 8 5.2 3.06 10.8 2.8 8 5.33.07 10.8 2.8 8 5.4 3.09 10.8 2.8 8 5.5 3.11 10.8 2.8 8 5.6 3.13 10.82.8 8 5.7 3.14 10.8 2.8 8 5.8 3.16 10.8 2.8 8 5.9 3.18 10.8 2.8 8 6 3.1910.8 2.8 8 6.1 3.21 10.8 2.8 8 6.2 3.23 10.8 2.8 8 6.3 3.24 10.8 2.8 86.4 3.26 10.8 2.8 8 6.5 3.27 10.8 2.8 8 6.6 3.28 10.8 2.8 8 6.7 3.3010.8 2.8 8 6.8 3.32 10.8 2.8 8 6.9 3.33 10.8 2.8 8 7 3.35

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG.2 again, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 each coverthe first liquid crystal 9 in a direction perpendicular to a plane ofthe display module. At this time, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 are a planar electrode. After the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 are energized, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 can form a more uniformly distributed vertical electricfield in a liquid crystal cell of the first liquid crystal 9. The firstliquid crystal 9 in various regions can be rotated to an angle requiredfor anti-peeping under the action of the vertical electric field,thereby achieving a high regulation accuracy of the first liquid crystal9.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component 3according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 27is a top view of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10corresponding to FIG. 26 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown inFIG. 26 and FIG. 27 , the first electrode 8 includes at least one firstsub-electrode 29. The first sub-electrode 29 includes a first mainelectrode strip 30 and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips 31.The first toothed electrode strips 31 are connected to the first mainelectrode strip 30 and parallel to each other. The second electrode 10covers the first liquid crystal 9 in a direction perpendicular to aplane of the display module while the second electrode 10 and the firstelectrode 8 are a planar electrode and a grid electrode, respectively.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component 3according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 29is a top view of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10corresponding to FIG. 28 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. As shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 , in a direction perpendicularto a plane of the display module, the first electrode 8 covers the firstliquid crystal 9. The second electrode 10 includes at least one secondsub-electrode 32. The second sub-electrode 32 includes a second mainelectrode strip 33 and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips34. The second toothed electrode strips 34 are connected to the secondmain electrode strip 33 and parallel to each other while the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are a planar electrode and agrid electrode, respectively.

When one of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 is aplanar electrode, and the other of the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 is a grid electrode, as shown in FIG. 30 , FIG. 30 is aschematic diagram showing rotation of a first liquid crystal 9 when thefirst electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 corresponding to FIG. 28are energized according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, arelatively uniform vertical electric field can be formed after the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized, the first liquidcrystal 9 is rotated under the action of the vertical electric field, sothat the optical property of the second polarization light W2 under theoblique viewing angle is adjusted. Moreover, by setting one of the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 as a grid electrode, there is agap between the toothed electrode strips of grid electrode, so that thedegree of light shielding is small, thereby improving the light emissionrate of the display module.

FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component 3according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 32is a top view of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10corresponding to FIG. 31 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the first electrode 8 includes at least one firstsub-electrode 29. In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 ,the first sub-electrode 29 includes a first main electrode strip 30 anda plurality of first toothed electrode strips 31 that is connected tothe first main electrode strip 30 and parallel to each other. The secondelectrode 10 includes at least one second sub-electrode 32. The secondsub-electrode 32 includes a second main electrode strip 33 and aplurality of second toothed electrode strips 34 that is connected to thesecond main electrode strip 33 and parallel to each other. Referring toFIG. 31 and FIG. 32 again, the first electrode 8 at least partiallyoverlaps with the second electrode 10 in a direction perpendicular to aplane of the display module. At this time, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 each are a grid electrode. By making the firstelectrode 8 at least partially overlap with the second electrode 10, thearea of the first electrode 8 facing toward the second electrode 10 canbe increased, thereby forming a stronger and more uniform verticalelectric field, and improving the rotation accuracy of the first liquidcrystal 9.

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of a light-adjusting component 3according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 34 is atop view of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10corresponding to FIG. 33 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, and FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing rotation of afirst liquid crystal 9 when the first electrode 9 and the secondelectrode 10 corresponding to FIG. 33 are energized according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 33 to FIG. 35 ,in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the display module, theplurality of toothed electrode strips 31 of the first electrode 8 isengaged with the plurality of second toothed electrode strips 34 of thesecond electrode 10, so that the toothed electrode strips of the firstelectrode 8 are staggered with the toothed electrode strips of thesecond electrode 10, thereby improving the light emission rate of thedisplay module.

It should be understood that, in combination with FIG. 25 , based on thepointing direction 0° of the X-axis of the first quadrant in thecoordinate quadrant as a baseline, referring to FIG. 32 and FIG. 34again, the first toothed electrode strip 31 and the second toothedelectrode strip 34 have an extending direction of 90° or 270°, so thatthe formed electric field and the anti-peeping direction are matchedwith each other, thereby achieving anti-peeping at left and rightviewing angles. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, thealignment direction of the alignment film can be 0° or 180°, and theextending direction of the first toothed electrode strip 31 and thesecond toothed electrode strip 34 can be 0° or 180°, thereby achievingthe better anti-peeping at upper and lower viewing angles.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to reduce the lightshielding by the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, thefirst electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 each are a transparentelectrode. Exemplarily, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode10 are respectively formed of a light-transmitting conductive materialsuch as indium tin oxide (ITO).

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a light regulating structure 5according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 36 , the lightregulating structure 5 includes a grating 35. The grating 35 includestransparent portions 70 and non-transparent portions 71 that arealternately arranged, an angle C formed between the non-transparentportion 71 and the normal line satisfies 5°≤C≤10°, and the normal lineis perpendicular to a plane of the display module.

With such configuration, the grating 35 can use the transparent portion70 and non-transparent portion 71 to adjust the transmission angle ofthe light emitted from the first light guide plate 7, and convert atleast part of light into collimating light transmitted in a specificdirection. By further setting the non-transparent portion 71 to be aninclined structure, the non-transparent portion 71 is deviated from thenormal direction by 5° to 10°. After the grating 35 corrects thetransmission direction of the light emitted from the first light guideplate 7, at least part of light is also transmitted in a directionoblique to the normal direction. Taking the application of displaymodules in the field of on-board display as an example, when an on-boarddisplay screen displays an entertainment image, in order to ensuredriving safety, it is hoped to reduce the interference of the displayedscreen to the driver. At this time, by inclining the non-transparentpart 71 toward the front passenger seat by 5° to 10°, the light emittedfrom the on-board display screen can tend to be transmitted toward thefront passenger seat, thereby reducing the amount of light transmittedtoward the main driver seat. Therefore, by matching the light-adjustingcomponent, the luminance of the light under the oblique viewing angle ina direction of the main driver seat is reduced to a greater extent, sothat the anti-peeping effect in the main driver seat is furtherimproved.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the light regulatingstructure 5 can also be a structure such as a light control film thatcan adjust the transmission direction of light. Exemplarily, the lightcontrol film is provided with a microstructure. The microstructure isconfigured to regulate the transmission direction of light.

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG.37 , the backlight component 1 includes a polymer liquid crystal film 36located on a side of the light regulating structure 5 facing away fromthe first light guide plate 7. The polymer liquid crystal film 36includes a polymer liquid crystal film 37 and an electrode layer 38located on at least one side of the polymer liquid crystal film 37.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the polymer liquid crystalfilm 37 includes a polymer and liquid crystal droplets uniformlydispersed in the polymer. When the display module is in the sharingmode, the electrode layer 38 is not energized, so that the liquidcrystal droplets are arranged irregularly. At this time, the refractiveindex of the liquid crystal droplets does not match with the refractiveindex of the polymer, and the polymer liquid crystal film 37 is in afoggy state, so that the range of the light transmission angle isincreased, thereby achieving a larger viewing angle. At this time, theluminous power of the first light source 6 can be increased to increasethe final luminance of the backlight component 1. When the displaymodule is in the anti-peeping mode, the electrode layer 38 is energized,and the electric field formed by the electrode layer 38 drives theoptical axis of the liquid crystal droplet to rotate along the directionof the electric field. At this time, the refractive index of the liquidcrystal droplet matches with the refractive index of the polymer, andthe polymer liquid crystal film 37 is in a transparent state, so thatthe polymer liquid crystal film 37 no longer has a scattering effect forlight. The light emitted from the light regulating structure 5 does notchange the transmission direction when it is emitted through the polymerliquid crystal film 37, which is more conducive to achieving a narrowviewing angle. It can be seen that, in the embodiments of the presentdisclosure, the light-adjusting component 3 can further cooperate withthe polymer liquid crystal film 36 while having an anti-peep effect,thereby achieving a better effect.

It should be understood that, in the embodiments of the presentdisclosure, the backlight component 1 further includes a first flexiblecircuit board. The pins of the first flexible circuit board are bound tothe electrode layer 38. The first flexible circuit board is configuredto transmit a voltage signal to the electrode layer 38. The voltagesignal is used to drive the rotation of the liquid crystal droplets torotate. In an embodiment, the backlight component 1 includes a secondflexible circuit board. The pins of the second flexible circuit boardare bound to the power lead-out line or power lead-out terminal of thefirst light source 6. The second flexible circuit board is configured totransmit a power signal to the first light source 6 to control the firstlight source 6 to turn on.

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of a polymer liquid crystal film 36according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 39 is aschematic diagram of a polymer liquid crystal film 36 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 40 is a schematicdiagram of a polymer liquid crystal film 36 according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 38 to FIG. 40 ,the polymer liquid crystal film 36 can include a first base 39 and asecond base 40. The polymer liquid crystal film 37 is located betweenthe first base 39 and the second base 40. The electrode layer 38 islocated between the first base 39 and the polymer liquid crystal film37, and/or, located between the second base 40 and the polymer liquidcrystal film 37. Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 38 again, the electrodelayer 38 is located between the first base 39 and the polymer liquidcrystal film 37, and located between the second base 40 and the polymerliquid crystal film 37. In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 39 again,the electrode layer 38 is located between the first base 39 and thepolymer liquid crystal film 37. In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 40again, the electrode layer 38 is located between the second base 40 andthe polymer liquid crystal film 37.

It should be understood that the first base 39 and the second base 40can be formed of transparent materials, such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET). By providing the first base 39 and the second base40, in the manufacturing process of the polymer liquid crystal film 36,the electrode layer 38 can be formed on the first base 39 and/or thesecond base 40 instead of directly forming on the polymer liquid crystalfilm 37, so that the manufacturing process of the electrode layer 38does not affect the structural characteristics of the polymer liquidcrystal film 37, thereby improving its reliability.

FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component 1 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shownin FIG. 41 , the backlight component 1 includes a second light guidestructure 41. The second light guide structure 41 includes a secondlight source 42 and a second light guide plate 43. The second lightsource 42 is side-emitting light as shown in FIG. 41 . The second lightguide plate 43 is located on a side of the light regulating structure 5facing away from the first light guide plate 7. In the sharing mode, thesecond light source 42 is turned on. In the anti-peeping mode, thesecond light source 42 is turned off.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the sharing mode, thesecond light source 42 is turned on, and the light emitted by the secondlight source 42 is emitted through the top of the second light guideplate 43 to form an area light source having a large range. In theanti-peeping mode, the second light source 42 is turned off, only thelight emitted from the first light guide plate 7 is used as the lightfor displaying. The light for displaying first passes through the lightregulating structure 5 to regulate the transmission direction of thelight, so that the light is transmitted in a specific direction, andthen the light-adjusting component 3 is used to re-regulate the light todirectionally control the light-emitting angle, thereby reducing thelight output amount under the oblique viewing angle, and achieving lowluminance under the oblique viewing angle.

FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component 1 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 43 is a schematicdiagram of a backlight component 1 according to another embodiment ofthe present disclosure, and FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of abacklight component 1 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure. In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 42 to 44 , a surface ofthe first light guide plate 7 facing away from the display component 2is a first bottom surface 44 having a plurality of first microstructure45, and the first microstructure 45 is recessed toward the displaycomponent 2, and/or, a surface of the second light guide plate 43 facingaway from the display component 2 is a second bottom surface 46including a plurality of second microstructures 47, and the secondmicrostructure 47 is recessed toward the display component 2.

Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 42 again, the first light guide plate 7is provided with the first microstructure 45. Meanwhile, the secondlight guide plate 43 is provided with a second microstructure 47. In anembodiment, referring to FIG. 43 again, only the first light guide plate7 is provided with the first microstructure 45. In an embodiment,referring to FIG. 44 again, only the second light guide plate 43 isprovided with the second microstructure 47.

It should be understood that the light guide plate is mainly an opticalgrade acrylic sheet or polycarbonate (PC) sheet. The abovemicrostructure can be formed by laser engraving, V-shaped cross gridengraving, or ultraviolet (UV) screen printing. By arrangingmicrostructures on the light guide plate, the light emitted by the lightsource can be reflected on each microstructure when it is transmitted inthe light guide plate. The reflected light will diffuse toward variousangles, and then be emitted through the top of the light guide plate.Reflecting light by the microstructure can increase a light output anglerange, so that the light distribution in the light guide plate is moreuniform, thereby achieving a larger light output viewing angle range ofthe display module.

FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of sizes ofmicrostructures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 45 , a size of the second microstructure47 is smaller than a size of the first microstructure 45.

Since the second light guide plate 43 is located at a side of the firstlight guide plate 7 close to the display component 2, when the secondlight source 42 is turned on, the light emitted through the second lightguide plate 43 can directly incident to the display component 2. If thesize of the second microstructure 47 is excessively large, there will bemany obvious bright spots on the second light guide plate 43, which aredifficult to convert into divergent area light sources. Therefore, inthe embodiments of the present disclosure, the size of the secondmicrostructure 47 is set to be smaller than the size of the firstmicrostructure 45, for example, the size of the first microstructure 45is set to be a millimeter level, and the size of the secondmicrostructure 47 is set to a nanometer level. In this way, there are noobvious bright spots in the second light guide plate 43, the secondlight guide plate 43 can more easily convert light into divergent arealight sources, thereby improving the light output effect.

FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of a second microstructure according toan embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 47 is a top view of asecond light guide plate according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, and FIG. 48 is a light transmission diagram according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shownin FIG. 46 to FIG. 48 , the second light source 42 is located on a sidesurface of the second light guide plate 43, that is, the second lightsource 42 emits light from a side. The second microstructure 47 has afirst surface 48 and a second surface 49. The slope of the first surface48 is smaller than the slope of the second surface 49. The first surface48 is located on a side of the second surface 49 close to the secondlight source 42. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondsurface 49 is a vertical surface and the first surface 48 is aninclination surface. Alternatively, in another feasible embodiment, thefirst surface 48 and the second surface 49 each are inclinationsurfaces, but the inclination angle of the first face 48 is larger. Itshould be noted that the slope and the inclination angle each refer toan angle relative to the normal line perpendicular to a plane of thedisplay module. With such configuration, the first surface 48 of thesecond microstructure 47 that is closer to the second light source 42 isan inclination surface, and the light emitted by the second light source42 is transmitted to the first surface 48 of the second microstructure47 after being reflected by the first surface 48, the transmission angleof the reflected light is more divergent, thereby increasing the viewingangle range in the sharing mode.

Since the inclined first surface 48 of the second microstructure 47faces the second light source 42, the second microstructure 47 of such astructure can significantly regulate the light path of the side lightemitted by the second light source 42. However, such a secondmicrostructure 47 has little effect on the light path of the lightincident from the bottom. The size of the second microstructure 47 isvery small. Therefore, in the anti-peeping mode, when the light emittedfrom the first light guide plate 7 emits through the second light guideplate 43, the second light guide plate 43 hardly diverges the lightemitted from the first light guide plate 7.

It should be understood that the backlight component 1 can include athird flexible circuit board, and the pins of the third flexible circuitboard are bound to the power lead-out line or power lead-out terminal ofthe second light source 42, and the second flexible circuit board isconfigured to transmit a power signal to the second light source 42 soas to control the second light source 42 to turn on.

In the sharing mode, the first light source 6 is turned on, that is,when the display module is in the sharing mode, the first light source 6and the second light source 42 are turned on at the same time, so thatthe amount of light emitted by the backlight component 1 is effectivelyincreased, and the luminance of the display module is improved, therebyoptimizing the display effect.

FIG. 49 is a schematic diagram of a backlight component according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG.49 , the backlight component 1 includes at least one of a diffusionsheet 50, a prism sheet 51, or a reflective sheet 52. The diffusionsheet 50 is located between the first light guide plate 7 and the lightregulating structure 5. The prism sheet 51 is located between the firstlight guide plate 7 and the light regulating structure 5, e.g., theprism sheet 51 can be located on a side of the diffusion sheet 50 facingaway from the first light guide plate 7. The reflective sheet 52 islocated on a side of the first light guide plate 7 facing away from thedisplay component 2.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the light emitted from thefirst light guide plate 7 is incident to the prism sheet 51 afterdiverging through the diffusion sheet 50, and then is converged by theprism sheet 51 to achieve a brightening effect. The reflective sheet 52is located on a side of the first light guide plate 7 facing away fromthe display component 2, so that the reflective sheet 52 can reflect thelight emitted from the bottom of the first light guide plate 7 back,thereby improving the light utilization rate and the luminance of thelight.

Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure provides amethod for driving a display module, which is applied to the abovedisplay modules. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the displaymodule has a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode. FIG. 50 is aflowchart showing a method for driving a display module according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 50 , the methodincludes following steps.

At step S1, in the sharing mode, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 are not energized, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in awide viewing angle state.

At step S2, in the anti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrowviewing angle state.

Combining the analysis of the above embodiments, with the method fordriving the display module according to the present disclosure, thedisplay module can achieve the viewing angle switching between thesharing mode and the anti-peeping mode. When a user is in an environmentwithout requiring privacy protection, the display module can becontrolled to be at the sharing mode to allow the user to enjoy a largeviewing angle of the viewing experience. When the user is in anenvironment requiring anti-peeping, the display module can be controlledto be in the anti-peeping mode to achieve an anti-peeping effect inwhich it is invisible when observing under an oblique viewing angle,thereby effectively protecting the user's privacy from being leaked.

The present disclosure provides another display module. FIG. 51 is aschematic diagram of a display module in a sharing mode according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 52 is a schematicdiagram of a display module in an anti-peeping mode according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 51 and FIG. 52 ,the display module includes a liquid crystal display component 53 and alight-adjusting component 3. The light-adjusting component 3 is locatedat a side of the liquid crystal display component 53 facing toward thelight-emitting direction of the display module. The light-adjustingcomponent 3 includes a first electrode 8, a first liquid crystal 9located at a side of the first electrode 8 facing away from the liquidcrystal display component 53, and a second electrode 10 located at aside of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the displaycomponent 2.

The display module has a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode. In thesharing mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are notenergized, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing anglestate. In the anti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrow viewingangle state, and V=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)) is satisfied, where Vdenotes a difference between a voltage of the first electrode 8 and avoltage of the second electrode 10, Δε denotes a difference between adielectric constant σ// and a dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 denotes acell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 in a direction perpendicular tothe plane of the display module.

When the display module performs image display, the light emitted fromthe liquid crystal display component 53 is further incident to thelight-adjusting component 3.

Referring to FIG. 51 again, when the display module is in the sharingmode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 in thelight-adjusting component 3 are not energized, and no electric field isformed between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, sothat the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle state. In thewide viewing angle state, the first liquid crystal 9 does not have anoptical effect on the light transmitted in various viewing angledirections, and the light in the front viewing angle direction and thelight in the oblique viewing angle direction can be emitted from thedisplay module, and a high luminance can be achieved at the frontviewing angle and at the oblique viewing angle, so that the displaymodule has a wide viewing angle range.

Referring to FIG. 52 again, when the display module is in theanti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 inthe light-adjusting component 3 are energized, and an electric field isformed between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, sothat the liquid crystal 9 is rotated under the action of the electricfield and is in a narrow viewing angle state. In this narrow viewingangle state, the first liquid crystal 9 has an optical effect on thelight in the oblique viewing angle direction, and changes thepolarization state of the light in the oblique viewing angle direction,so that most of the light in the oblique viewing angle direction cannotbe emitted from the display module, thereby reducing the luminance atthe oblique viewing angle, and achieving the anti-peeping effect inwhich it is invisible under the oblique viewing angle. In theanti-peeping mode, high luminance is achieved under the front viewingangle while low luminance is obtained under the left and right obliqueviewing angles, so that the display module has a narrow viewing anglerange.

It can be seen that the viewing angle switching between the sharing modeand the anti-peeping mode can be achieved by setting the light-adjustingcomponent 3 and using the principle of liquid crystal birefringence todirectionally control the light-emitting angle. When anti-peeping is notrequired, the display module is controlled to be in the sharing mode, sothat the user can enjoy the viewing experience with a large viewingangle. When anti-peeping is required, the display module is controlledto be in the anti-peeping mode to achieve an invisible anti-peepingeffect when observing under an oblique viewing angle, therebyeffectively protecting user privacy from being leaked.

In order to use the light-adjusting component 3 to achieve a betteranti-peeping effect, several sets of data tests under the conditions ofdifferent parameters V and d1 are conducted. The test data is shown inTable 4 above and is based on the fitting formula between the parameterV and the parameter d1. In this way, when designing the structure of thedisplay module, no matter what cell gap the first liquid crystal 9 has,a voltage difference matching the cell gap can be obtained according tothe formula, so that the first liquid crystal 9 is driven by theelectrical field formed by the voltage difference to rotate to the anglerequired by the anti-peeping mode, thereby achieving a betteranti-peeping effect.

It should be noted that, referring to FIG. 51 and FIG. 52 again, thelight-adjusting component 3 can include a first substrate 11 and asecond substrate 12 that are opposite to each other. The first electrode8 is located at a side of the first substrate 11 facing toward thesecond substrate 12. The second electrode 10 is located at a side of thesecond substrate 12 facing toward the first substrate 11. The liquidcrystal display component 53 includes a third electrode 13, a secondliquid crystal 14 and a fourth electrode 15. The second liquid crystal14 is located between the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode15, or, located at a side of the third electrode 13 and the fourthelectrode 15 facing toward the viewing angle dimming member 3. FIG. 51schematically shows that the second liquid crystal 14 is located betweenthe third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15. In addition, theliquid crystal display component 53 further includes a third substrate16 and a fourth substrate 17 that are opposite to each other. The fourthsubstrate 17 is located at a side of the third substrate 16 close to thefirst substrate 11.

FIG. 53 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG.17 , FIG. 18 , and FIG. 53 , the display module can include a firstpolarizer 21, a second polarizer 22, and a third polarizer 23. The firstpolarizer 21 is located at a side of the display component 2 facing awayfrom the light-adjusting component 3, and has a first absorption axisP1. The second polarizer 22 is located between the display component 2and the light-adjusting component 3, and has a second absorption axisP2. The second absorption axis P2 is perpendicular to the firstabsorption axis P1. The third polarizer 23 is located at a side of thelight-adjusting component 3 facing away from the display component 2,and has a third absorption axis P3. The third absorption axis P3 isparallel to the second absorption axis P2.

Two polarizers with absorption axes perpendicular to each other arearranged at two sides of the liquid crystal display component 53, theluminance of the display component 2 can be controlled based on mutualcooperation of the two polarizers, thereby controlling the displaycomponent 2 to display images. By making the absorption axes of thepolarizers at both sides of the light-adjusting component 3 be parallelto each other, mutual cooperation of the two polarizers can be used toachieve the sharing and anti-peeping effect. The operating principlewill be described in detail in combination with subsequent embodiments.

FIG. 54 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG.54 , the first liquid crystal 9 is a positive liquid crystal, e.g., asingle optical axis positive liquid crystal. A pretilt angle A1 of thefirst liquid crystal 9 satisfies 0°≤A1≤10°, that is, in the initialstate of the first liquid crystal, an angle ranging from 0° to 10° isformed between the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 and aplane of the display module. The light-adjusting component 3 can includea first alignment film 27 and a second alignment film 28. The firstalignment film 27 is located at a side of the first liquid crystal 9facing toward the display component 2, and the second alignment film 28is located at a side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing toward thedisplay component 2. The alignment directions of the first alignmentfilm 27 and the second alignment film 28 are the same, are parallel orperpendicular to the second absorption axis P2, and parallel to theextending direction of the edge of the display module.

The light emitted through the second polarizer 22 and transmitted alongthe front viewing angle direction is a first linear polarization lightW1, and the light emitted through the second polarizer 22 andtransmitted along the oblique viewing angle direction is a second linearpolarization light W2. The polarization directions of the first linearpolarization light W1 and the second linear polarization light W2 eachare parallel to the second absorption axis P2.

Referring to FIG. 20 , when the display module is in the shared mode,the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not energized, andthe first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle state. A pretiltangle A1 is formed between the optical axis P of the first liquidcrystal 9 and a plane of the display module. The first liquid crystal 9is close to a lying state. In this mode, the first linear polarizationlight W1 and the second linear polarization light W2 emits through thethird polarizer 23, so that high luminance can be achieved under thefront viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, and no luminance lossis generated.

Referring to FIG. 21 , when the display module is in the anti-peepingmode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized togenerate a vertical electric field, and the first liquid crystal 9 is ina narrow viewing angle state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is apositive liquid crystal, the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal9 rotates along a direction parallel to the direction of the electricfield, that is, it rotates relative to a plane of the display module.The angle B is formed between the optical axis P of the first liquidcrystal 9 after being rotated and a plane of the display module, whereB>A1, and B≠90°. In this mode, the first linear polarization light W1can be emitted through the third polarizer 23, and no luminance loss isgenerated under the front viewing angle. After the second linearpolarization light W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9, thepolarization state is changed, so that the polarization direction of thesecond linear polarization light W2 is no longer parallel to the secondabsorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3, which causes thesecond linear polarization light W2 cannot be emitted through the thirdpolarizer 23, thereby further reducing the luminance under the obliqueviewing angle.

The analysis process has been described in detail in the foregoingembodiments, and will not be repeated herein.

It can be seen that based on the above structure of the light-adjustingcomponent 3, when the display module is in the sharing mode, thelight-adjusting component 3 can be controlled to no luminanceattenuation under the front viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle,so that a larger luminance can be achieved under the front viewing angleand the oblique viewing angle have, thereby enhancing the user's viewingexperience under a large viewing angle. When the display module is inthe anti-peeping mode, the light-adjusting component 3 can control toattenuate only the luminance of the light under the oblique viewingangle to achieve the anti-peeping effect, and not attenuate theluminance of the light under the front viewing angle to achieve noluminance loss under the front viewing angle. Therefore, the effect isbetter than the related art, and the user experience is better.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, A1=0°, so that the firstliquid crystal 9 is in a completely lying state under the initial state,thereby avoiding luminance degradation in the sharing mode to a greaterextent. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, 0°<A1≤10°. Withsuch a configuration, when the display module is switched from thesharing mode to the anti-peeping mode, the first liquid crystal 9 can berotated on the basis of A1, and be rotated more quickly to the anglerequired for the anti-peeping mode.

FIG. 55 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, as shown inFIG. 55 , the first liquid crystal 9 is a negative liquid crystal, e.g.,a single optical axis negative liquid crystal. A pretilt angle A2 of thefirst liquid crystal 9 satisfies 85°≤A2≤95°, that is, in the initialstate of the first liquid crystal, an angle of 85° to 95° is formedbetween the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 and a plane ofthe display module. The light-adjusting component 3 also includes afirst alignment film 27 and a second alignment film 28. The firstalignment film 27 is located on a side of the first liquid crystal 9facing toward the display component 2, and the second alignment film 28is located on a side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from thedisplay component 2. The alignment directions of the first alignmentfilm 27 and the second alignment film 28 are the same, and are parallelor perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2, and parallel to theextending direction of the edge of the display module.

Referring to FIG. 23 , when the display module is in the sharing mode,the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not energized, andthe first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle state (initialstate), in which a pretilt angle A2 is formed between the optical axis Pof the first liquid crystal 9 and a plane of the display module, and thefirst liquid crystal 9 is close to an upright state. The polarizationdirections of the first linear polarization light W1 and the secondlinear polarization light W2 are not changed after the first linearpolarization light W1 and the second linear polarization light W2 passthrough the first liquid crystal 9, and are still parallel to the secondabsorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. Therefore, thefirst linear polarization light W1 and the second linear polarizationlight W2 each are emitted through the third polarizer 23, so that ahigher viewing angle are obtained under the front viewing angle and theoblique viewing angle, and no luminance loss is generated.

With reference to FIG. 24 , when the display module is in theanti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 areenergized to generate a vertical electric field, the first liquidcrystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle state. Since the first liquidcrystal 9 is a negative liquid crystal, the optical axis P of the firstliquid crystal 9 rotates along a direction perpendicular to thedirection of the electric field, that is, rotates relative to a plane ofthe display mode. An angle B is formed between the optical axis P of thefirst liquid crystal 9 after rotation and the plane of the displaymodule is smaller than A2 and is not equal to 0°, i.e., B<A2, and B≠0°.The first linear polarization light W1 can be emitted through the thirdpolarizer 23, and no luminance loss is generated under the front viewingangle. The polarization state of the second linear polarization light W2is changed after passing through the first liquid crystal 9 and cannotbe emitted through the third polarizer 23, thereby reducing theluminance of the light under the oblique viewing angle.

The specific analysis process has been described in detail in theforegoing embodiments, and will not be repeated herein.

It can be seen that based on the above structure of the light-adjustingcomponent 3, when the display module is in the sharing mode, thelight-adjusting component 3 can be controlled not to generate luminanceattenuation under the front viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle,so that a larger luminance can be obtained under the front viewing angleand the oblique viewing angle, thereby improving the user's viewingexperience under a large viewing angle. When the display module is inthe anti-peeping mode, the light-adjusting component 3 can be controlledto attenuate only the luminance under the oblique viewing angle toachieve the anti-peeping effect without attenuating the luminance underthe front viewing angle, so that no luminance loss is generated underthe front viewing angle, and a larger luminance is achieved.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, A2=90°, so that the firstliquid crystal 9 is in a completely upright state under the initialstate, thereby avoiding luminance degradation in the sharing mode to agreater extent. In an embodiment, in another embodiment of the presentdisclosure, 85°≤A2≤95° and A2≠90°. With such configuration, when thedisplay module is switched from the sharing mode to the anti-peepingmode, the first liquid crystal 9 can be rotated on the basis of A2, andbe rotated more quickly to the angle required for the anti-peeping mode.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 21 andFIG. 24 again, when the first liquid crystal 9 is in the narrow viewingangle state, an angle B formed between the optical axis P of the firstliquid crystal 9 and the plane of the display module satisfies40°≤B≤50°. At this time, the angle formed between the optical axis P ofthe first liquid crystal 9 and the plane of the display module is closeto 45°, the influence of the first liquid crystal 9 on the opticalcharacteristics of the second linear polarizing light W2 under theoblique viewing angle tends to be the greatest, and the polarizationstate of the second polarizing light W2 after passing through the firstliquid crystal 9 has been changed to a greater extent, so that moresecond polarizing light cannot be emitted through the third polarizer23, thereby increasing the luminance attenuation under the obliqueviewing angle, and improving the anti-peeping effect.

In an embodiment, B=45°, so that the luminance of the light under theoblique viewing angle in the anti-peeping mode is minimized.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 51 again,the liquid crystal display component 53 includes a second liquid crystal14. In a direction perpendicular to a plane of the display module, acell gap d1 of the first liquid crystal 9 is greater than a cell gap d2of the second liquid crystal 14.

If the cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 is small, the phaseretardation efficiency of the light wave decomposed by the second linearpolarization light W2 under the oblique viewing angle when the secondlinear polarization light W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9in the anti-peeping mode is small, resulting in non-obvious luminanceattenuation under the oblique viewing angle. The cell gap of the firstliquid crystal 9 is set to be larger than the cell gap of the secondliquid crystal 14, the phase retardation efficiency of the second linearpolarization light W2 can be improved, so that greater luminanceattenuation under oblique viewing angles is obtained, thereby achievinga more significant anti-peeping effect.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in a direction perpendicularto a plane of the display module, a cell gap d1 of the first liquidcrystal 9 satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤8 μm.

By setting the minimum cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 to be 5μm, the first liquid crystal 9 can have a sufficient cell gap to achievegreater influence of the first liquid crystal 9 on the polarizationstate of the second linear polarization light W2 under an obliqueviewing angle, thereby further increasing the luminance attenuationunder the oblique viewing angle. By setting the maximum cell gap of thefirst liquid crystal 9 to be 8 μm, the cell gap of the first liquidcrystal 9 can be prevented from being too large, so that the cell gap ofthe first liquid crystal 9 is approximately the thickness of a half waveplate, thereby achieving better anti-peeping effect, and avoidingaffecting the overall thickness of the display module.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 51 andFIG. 52 again, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 eachcover the first liquid crystal 9 in a direction perpendicular to a planeof the display module. At this time, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 each are a planar electrode. After the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized, the firstelectrode 8 and the second electrode 10 can form a more uniformlydistributed vertical electric field in a liquid crystal cell of thefirst liquid crystal 9. The first liquid crystal 9 in various regionscan be rotated to an angle required for anti-peeping under the action ofthe vertical electric field, thereby achieving a high regulationaccuracy of the first liquid crystal 9.

In another embodiment, referring to FIGS. 26 and 27 again, the firstelectrode 8 includes at least one first sub-electrode 29. The firstsub-electrode 29 includes a first main electrode strip 30 and multiplefirst toothed electrode strips 31. The first toothed electrode strips 31are connected to the first main electrode strip 30 and parallel to eachother. The second electrode 10 covers the first liquid crystal 9 in adirection perpendicular to a plane of the first polarizer 21. At thistime, the second electrode 10 is a planar electrode, and the firstelectrode 8 is a grid electrode.

Referring to FIGS. 28 and 29 again, in a direction perpendicular to aplane of the first polarizer 21, the first electrode 8 covers the firstliquid crystal 9. The second electrode 10 includes at least one secondsub-electrode 32. The second sub-electrode 32 includes a second mainelectrode strip 33 and multiple second toothed electrode strips 34. Thesecond toothed electrode strips 34 are connected to the second mainelectrode strip 33 and parallel to each other. At this time, the firstelectrode 8 is a planar electrode, and the second electrode 10 is a gridelectrode.

When one of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 is aplanar electrode, and the other of the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 is a grid electrode, a relatively uniform vertical electricfield can be formed after the first electrode 8 and the second electrode10 are energized, the first liquid crystal 9 is rotated under the actionof the vertical electric field, so that the optical property of thesecond polarization light W2 under the oblique viewing angle isadjusted. By setting one of the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 as a grid electrode, there is a gap between the toothedelectrode strips of grid electrode, so that the degree of lightshielding is small, thereby improving the light emission rate of thedisplay module.

In another embodiment, referring to FIGS. 31 and 32 again, the firstelectrode 8 includes at least one first sub-electrode 29. The firstsub-electrode 29 includes a first main electrode strip 30 and multiplefirst toothed electrode strips 31 connected to the bars 30 and parallelto each other. The second electrode 10 includes at least one secondsub-electrode 32. The second sub-electrode 32 includes a second mainelectrode strip 33 and multiple second toothed electrode strips 34connected to the second main electrode strip 33 and parallel to eachother. The first electrode 8 at least partially overlaps with the secondelectrode 10 in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the firstpolarizer 21. At this time, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 each are a grid electrode. By making the first electrode 8at least partially overlap with the second electrode 10, an area of thefirst electrode 8 facing toward the second electrode 10 can beincreased, thereby forming a stronger and more uniform vertical electricfield, and improving the rotation accuracy of the first liquid crystal9.

Referring to FIGS. 30 and 31 again, in the direction perpendicular tothe plane of the first polarizer 21, multiple first toothed electrodestrips 31 of the first electrode 8 are engaged with the plurality ofsecond toothed electrode strips 34 of the second electrode 10, so thatthe toothed electrode strips of the first electrode 8 are staggered withthe toothed electrode strips of the second electrode 10, and theelectrode shields less light, thereby improving the light emission rateof the display module.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to reduce the lightshielding by the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, thefirst electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are respectivelytransparent electrodes. Exemplarily, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 are formed of a transparent conductive material suchas indium tin oxide (ITO), respectively.

FIG. 56 is a schematic diagram of a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG.56 , the display module further includes a backlight component 1 locatedat a side of the liquid crystal display component 53 facing away fromthe light-adjusting component 3. The backlight component 1 includes alight guide plate 54 and a light source 55. The light source can beemitted from bottom, or emitted from side as shown in FIG. 56 . When thedisplay module performs image display, the light source 55 is turned on.The light emitted by the light source 55 is transmitted in the lightguide plate 54 and emitted through the top of the light guide plate 54,and then incident to the liquid crystal display component 53.

Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure furtherprovides a method for driving a display module, which is applied to theabove display modules. Referring to FIG. 51 and FIG. 52 , the displaymodule has a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode. FIG. 57 is flowchartshowing a method for driving a display module according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 57 , the methodincludes following steps.

In step K1: In the sharing mode, the first electrode 8 and the secondelectrode 10 are not energized, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in awide viewing angle state.

In step K2: In the anti-peeping mode, the first electrode 8 and thesecond electrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrowviewing angle state, and V=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)) is satisfied,where V denotes a difference between a voltage of the first electrode 8and a voltage of the second electrode 10, Δε denotes a differencebetween a dielectric constant σ// and a dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal 9 in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.

In combination with the analysis of the foregoing embodiments, with thedriving method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure,the display module can switch under wide and narrow viewing anglesaccording to different application scenarios. When the cell gap of thefirst liquid crystal 9 in the display module is designed to a certainfixed value, a voltage difference matching the cell gap can be obtainedaccording to the formula, so that the first liquid crystal 9 is drivenby the electrical field formed by the voltage difference to rotate tothe angle required by the anti-peeping mode, thereby achieving a betteranti-peeping effect.

Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the presentdisclosure further provides a display apparatus. FIG. 58 is a schematicdiagram of a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, and FIG. 59 is a schematic diagram of a display apparatusaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 58 and FIG. 59 , the display apparatus includes the display module100 as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 49 or as shown in FIG. 51 to FIG. 56 .The structure of the display module 100 has been described in detail inthe above embodiments, and will not be repeated herein.

It should be understood that the display apparatus can be an electronicdisplay apparatus such as a vehicle display screen, a mobile phone, acomputer, or a TV. When the liquid crystal display apparatus is used asa vehicle display screen, it can be used in transportation vehicles suchas automobiles, high speed trains, submarines, ships, or airplanes.Taking the liquid crystal display apparatus applied in a car as anexample, the display apparatus can be an inherent structure independentof the car, or it can be integrated with other structures in the car,such as integrated with the front windshield or the countertop at theperiphery of the dashboard, which are not limited in the embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure furtherprovides a vehicle. FIG. 60 is a schematic diagram of a vehicleaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.60 , the vehicle includes the above display apparatus. The vehicle shownin FIG. 60 is only a schematic illustration. The vehicle can be a car, ahigh-speed rail, a submarine, a boat, or an airplane.

The above are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, which,as mentioned above, are not intended to limit the present disclosure.Within the principles of the present disclosure, any modification,equivalent substitution, improvement shall fall into the protectionscope of the present disclosure.

Finally, it should be noted that the technical solutions of the presentdisclosure are illustrated by the above embodiments, but not intended tolimit thereto. Although the present disclosure has been described indetail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in theart can understand that the present disclosure is not limited to thespecific embodiments described herein, and can make various obviousmodifications, readjustments, and substitutions without departing fromthe scope of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are defined as follows:
 1. A display module,comprising: a backlight component; a display component located at a sideof the backlight component facing toward a light-emitting direction ofthe display module; and a light-adjusting component located at the sideof the backlight component facing toward the light-emitting direction ofthe display module, wherein the backlight component comprises a firstlight guide structure and a light regulating structure, the first lightguide structure comprises a first light source and a first light guideplate, and the light regulating structure is located at a side of thefirst light guide plate facing toward the display component and isconfigured to regulate a transmission direction of light emitted fromthe first light guide plate; wherein the light-adjusting componentcomprises a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located at a side ofthe first electrode facing away from the backlight component, and asecond electrode located at a side of the first liquid crystal facingaway from the backlight component; and the light-adjusting component andthe light regulating structure are configured to have uniformity in theregulating direction of light; wherein the display module has a sharingmode and an anti-peeping mode, wherein, in the sharing mode, the firstelectrode and the second electrode are not energized, and the firstliquid crystal is in a wide viewing angle state; and, in theanti-peeping mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drivethe first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle state; whereinthe backlight component further comprises a second light guidestructure, wherein the second light guide structure comprises a secondlight source and a second light guide plate located at a side of thelight regulating structure facing away from the first light guide plate;and wherein the second light source is turned on in the sharing mode,and the second light source is turned off in the anti-peeping mode. 2.The display module according to claim 1, wherein the display componentcomprises a third electrode, a second liquid crystal, and a fourthelectrode, wherein the second liquid crystal is located between thethird electrode and the fourth electrode, or the second liquid crystalis located at a side of the third electrode facing away from thebacklight component and a side of the fourth electrode facing away fromthe backlight component.
 3. The display module according to claim 1,wherein the display component comprises a quantum dot layer.
 4. Thedisplay module according to claim 1, wherein the light-adjustingcomponent is located at a side of the display component facing away fromthe backlight component.
 5. The display module according to claim 1,wherein the display component is located at a side of thelight-adjusting component facing away from the backlight component. 6.The display module according to claim 1, further comprising: a firstpolarizer located at a side of the display component facing away fromthe light-adjusting component, wherein the first polarizer has a firstabsorption axis; a second polarizer located between the displaycomponent and the light-adjusting component, wherein the secondpolarizer has a second absorption axis perpendicular to the firstabsorption axis; and a third polarizer is located at a side of thelight-adjusting component facing away from the display component,wherein the third polarizer has a third absorption axis parallel to thesecond absorption axis.
 7. The display module according to claim 6,wherein the first liquid crystal is a positive liquid crystal and has apretilt angle A1, where 0°≤A1≤10°; and the light-adjusting componentfurther comprises a first alignment film located at a side of the firstliquid crystal facing toward the display component, and a secondalignment film located at a side of the first liquid crystal facing awayfrom the display component, wherein the first alignment film and thesecond alignment film have a same alignment direction, and the alignmentdirection is parallel to or perpendicular to the second absorption axis,and parallel to an extending direction of an edge of the display module.8. The display module according to claim 6, wherein the first liquidcrystal is a negative liquid crystal and has a pretilt angle A2, where85°≤A2≤95°; and the light-adjusting component further comprises a firstalignment film located at a side of the first liquid crystal facingtoward the display component, and a second alignment film located at aside of the first liquid crystal facing away from the display component,wherein the first alignment film and the second alignment film have asame alignment direction, and the alignment direction is parallel orperpendicular to the second absorption axis, and parallel to anextending direction of an edge of the display module.
 9. The displaymodule according to claim 1, wherein when the first liquid crystal is inthe narrow viewing angle state, an angle B formed between an opticalaxis of the first liquid crystal and a plane of the display modulesatisfies 40°≤B≤50°.
 10. The display module according to claim 9,wherein B=45°.
 11. The display module according to claim 2, wherein in adirection perpendicular to a plane of the display module, a cell gap d1of the first liquid crystal and a cell gap d2 of the second liquidcrystal satisfy: d1>d2.
 12. The display module according to claim 1,wherein in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the display module, acell gap d1 of the first liquid crystal satisfies: 5 μm≤d1≤8 μm.
 13. Thedisplay module according to claim 1, wherein, in the anti-peeping mode,V=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)), where V denotes a voltage differencebetween the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε denotes adifference between a dielectric constant ε// and a dielectric constantε⊥, and d1 denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.
 14. The display moduleaccording to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the secondelectrode each cover the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.
 15. The display moduleaccording to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises at least onefirst sub-electrode, wherein one of the at least one first sub-electrodecomprises a first main electrode strip and a plurality of first toothedelectrode strips, the plurality of first toothed electrode strips isconnected to the first main electrode strip and parallel to each other,and the second electrode covers the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module; or the first electrodecovers the first liquid crystal in a direction perpendicular to a planeof the display module, the second electrode comprises at least onesecond sub-electrode, wherein one of the at least one secondsub-electrode comprises a second main electrode strip and a plurality ofsecond toothed electrode strips connected to the second main electrodestrip and parallel to each other.
 16. The display module according toclaim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises at least one firstsub-electrode, wherein one of the at least one first sub-electrodecomprises a first main electrode strip and a plurality of first toothedelectrode strips connected to the first main electrode strip andparallel to each other; the second electrode comprises at least onesecond sub-electrode, wherein one of the at least one secondsub-electrode comprises a second main electrode strip and a plurality ofsecond toothed electrode strips connected to the second main electrodestrip and parallel to each other; and the first electrode at leastpartially overlaps with the second electrode in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module, or the plurality offirst toothed electrode strips of the first electrode is engaged withthe plurality of second toothed electrode strips of the second electrodein the direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module. 17.The display module according to claim 1, wherein one of the firstelectrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode.
 18. Thedisplay module according to claim 1, wherein the light regulatingstructure comprises a grating, wherein the grating comprises transparentportions and non-transparent portions, the transparent portions and thenon-transparent portions are alternately arranged, and an angle C formedbetween one of the non-transparent portions and a normal lineperpendicular to a plane of the display module satisfies: 5°≤C≤10°. 19.The display module according to claim 1, wherein the backlight componentfurther comprises a polymer liquid crystal film located at a side of thelight regulating structure facing away from the first light guide plate,the polymer liquid crystal film comprises a polymer liquid crystal film,and an electrode layer located at each of at least one side of thepolymer liquid crystal film.
 20. The display module according to claim19, wherein the polymer liquid crystal film further comprises a firstbase and a second base, wherein the polymer liquid crystal film islocated between the first base and the second base; and the electrodelayer is located between the polymer liquid crystal film and at leastone of the first base or the second base.
 21. The display moduleaccording to claim 1, wherein a surface of the first light guide platefacing away from the display component is a first bottom surface, andthe first bottom surface has a plurality of first microstructuresrecessed toward the display component; and/or, a surface of the secondlight guide plate facing away from the display component is a secondbottom surface, and the second bottom surface has a plurality of secondmicrostructures recessed toward the display component.
 22. The displaymodule according to claim 21, wherein a size of one of the plurality ofsecond microstructures is smaller than a size of one of the plurality offirst microstructures.
 23. The display module according to claim 21,wherein the second light source is located on a side surface of thesecond light guide plate, one of the plurality of second microstructureshas a first surface and a second surface, a slope of the first surfaceis smaller than a slope of the second surface, and the first surface islocated at a side of the second surface close to the second lightsource.
 24. The display module according to claim 1, wherein the firstlight source is turned on in the sharing mode.
 25. The display moduleaccording to claim 1, wherein the backlight component further comprisesat least one of a diffusion sheet located between the first light guideplate and the light regulating structure, a prism sheet located betweenthe first light guide plate and the light regulating structure, or areflective sheet located at a side of the first light guide plate facingaway from the display component.
 26. A method for driving the displaymodule according to claim 1, wherein the display module is a liquidcrystal display component and has a sharing mode and an anti-peepingmode; and wherein the method comprises: in the sharing mode,de-energizing the first electrode and the second electrode in such amanner that the first liquid crystal is in a wide viewing angle state;and in the anti-peeping mode, driving the first liquid crystal by thefirst electrode and the second electrode to be in a narrow viewing anglestate.
 27. A display module, comprising: a liquid crystal displaycomponent; and a light-adjusting component located at a side of theliquid crystal display component facing toward a light-emittingdirection of the display module, wherein the light-adjusting componentcomprises a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located at a side ofthe first electrode facing away from the liquid crystal displaycomponent, and a second electrode located at a side of the first liquidcrystal facing away from the display component; the display module has asharing mode and an anti-peeping mode; in the sharing mode, the firstelectrode and the second electrode are not energized, and the firstliquid crystal is in a wide viewing angle state; and in the anti-peepingmode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the firstliquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle state, whereinV=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)), where V denotes a voltage differencebetween the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε denotes adifference between a dielectric constant ε// and a dielectric constantε⊥, and d1 denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.
 28. The display moduleaccording to claim 27, further comprising: a first polarizer located ata side of the display component facing away from the light-adjustingcomponent, wherein the first polarizer has a first absorption axis; asecond polarizer located between the display component and thelight-adjusting component, wherein the second polarizer has a secondabsorption axis perpendicular to the first absorption axis; and a thirdpolarizer located at a side of the light-adjusting component facing awayfrom the display component, wherein the third polarizer has a thirdabsorption axis parallel to the second absorption axis.
 29. The displaymodule according to claim 28, wherein the first liquid crystal is apositive liquid crystal, and the first liquid crystal has a pretiltangle A1, where 0°≤A1≤10°; and wherein the light-adjusting componentfurther comprises a first alignment film located at a side of the firstliquid crystal facing toward the display component, and a secondalignment film located at a side of the first liquid crystal facing awayfrom the display component, wherein the first alignment film and thesecond alignment film have a same alignment direction, and the alignmentdirection is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis,and parallel to an extending direction of an edge of the display module.30. The display module according to claim 28, wherein the first liquidcrystal is a negative liquid crystal, and the first liquid crystal has apretilt angle A2, where 85°≤A2≤95°; and wherein the light-adjustingcomponent further comprises a first alignment film located at a side ofthe first liquid crystal facing toward the display component, and asecond alignment film located at a side of the first liquid crystalfacing away from the display component, wherein the first alignment filmand the second alignment film have a same alignment direction, and thealignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the secondabsorption axis, and parallel to an extending direction of an edge ofthe display module.
 31. The display module according to claim 27,wherein when the first liquid crystal is in the narrow viewing anglestate, an angle B formed between an optical axis of the first liquidcrystal and the plane of the display module satisfies 40°≤B≤50°.
 32. Thedisplay module according to claim 27, wherein B=45°.
 33. The displaymodule according to claim 27, wherein the liquid crystal displaycomponent comprises a second liquid crystal; and in the directionperpendicular to the plane of the display module, a cell gap d1 of thefirst liquid crystal and a cell gap d2 of the second liquid crystalsatisfy d1>d2.
 34. The display module according to claim 27, wherein inthe direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module, a cellgap d1 of the first liquid crystal satisfies: 5 μm≤d1≤8 μm.
 35. Thedisplay module according to claim 27, wherein the first electrode andthe second electrode each cover the first liquid crystal in thedirection perpendicular to the plane of the display module.
 36. Thedisplay module according to claim 27, wherein the first electrodecomprises at least one first sub-electrode, wherein one of the at leastone first sub-electrode comprises a first main electrode strip and aplurality of first toothed electrode strips connected to the first mainelectrode strip and parallel to each other, and the second electrodecovers the first liquid crystal in a direction perpendicular to a planeof the display module; or the first electrode covers the first liquidcrystal in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the display module,the second electrode comprises at least one second sub-electrode,wherein one of the at least one second sub-electrode comprises a secondmain electrode strip and a plurality of second toothed electrode stripsconnected to the second main electrode strip and parallel to each other.37. The display module according to claim 27, wherein the firstelectrode comprises at least one first sub-electrode, wherein one of thefirst sub-electrode comprises a first main electrode strip and aplurality of first toothed electrode strips connected to the first mainelectrode strip and parallel to each other, the second electrodecomprises at least one second sub-electrode, wherein one of the at leastone second sub-electrode comprises a second main electrode strip and aplurality of second toothed electrode strips connected to the secondmain electrode strip and parallel to each other; and the first electrodeat least partially overlaps with the second electrode in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module, or the plurality offirst toothed electrode strips of the first electrode is engaged withthe plurality of second toothed electrode strips of the second electrodein the direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module. 38.The display module according to claim 27, wherein each of the firstelectrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode.
 39. Thedisplay module according to claim 27, further comprising: a backlightcomponent located at a side of the liquid crystal display componentfacing away from the light-adjusting component, wherein the backlightcomponent comprises a light guide plate and a light source.
 40. A methodfor driving a display module according to claim 27, the display modulehaving a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode, and the methodcomprising: in the sharing mode, de-energizing the first electrode andthe second electrode in such a manner that the first liquid crystal isin a wide viewing angle state; and in the anti-peeping mode, driving thefirst liquid crystal by the first electrode and the second electrode tobe in a narrow viewing angle state, whereinV=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)), where V denotes a voltage differencebetween the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε denotes adifference between a dielectric constant ε// and a dielectric constantε⊥, and d1 denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.
 41. A display apparatus,wherein the display apparatus comprises a display module, wherein thedisplay module comprises a backlight component, a display componentlocated at a side of the backlight component facing toward alight-emitting direction of the display module, and a light-adjustingcomponent located at the side of the backlight component facing towardthe light-emitting direction of the display module, wherein thebacklight component comprises a first light guide structure and a lightregulating structure, the first light guide structure comprises a firstlight source and a first light guide plate, and the light regulatingstructure is located at a side of the first light guide plate facingtoward the display component and is configured to regulate atransmission direction of light emitted from the first light guideplate; the light-adjusting component comprises a first electrode, afirst liquid crystal located at a side of the first electrode facingaway from the backlight component, and a second electrode located at aside of the first liquid crystal facing away from the backlightcomponent; and the light-adjusting component and the light regulatingstructure are configured to have uniformity in the regulating directionof light; or, wherein the display apparatus comprises a display module,wherein the display module comprises a liquid crystal display componentand a light-adjusting component located at a side of the liquid crystaldisplay component facing toward a light-emitting direction of thedisplay module, wherein the light-adjusting component comprises a firstelectrode, a first liquid crystal located at a side of the firstelectrode facing away from the liquid crystal display component, and asecond electrode located at a side of the first liquid crystal facingaway from the display component; the display module has a sharing modeand an anti-peeping mode; in the sharing mode, the first electrode andthe second electrode are not energized, and the first liquid crystal isin a wide viewing angle state; and in the anti-peeping mode, the firstelectrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to bein a narrow viewing angle state, whereinV=5.095−1.479×((ln(Δε)−ln(d1)+1)), where V denotes a voltage differencebetween the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε denotes adifference between a dielectric constant ε// and a dielectric constantε⊥, and d1 denotes a cell gap of the first liquid crystal in a directionperpendicular to a plane of the display module.
 42. A vehicle comprisingthe display apparatus according to claim 41.